What is defined as signal transduction?

Signal transduction refers to the process by which cells interpret and respond to signals from their environment. This involves converting an external signal, such as a hormone or neurotransmitter, into a functional response within the cell. This process typically includes a series of molecular events, often involving receptor activation, the transduction of the signal through various intracellular pathways, and ultimately leading to a specific cellular response, such as changes in gene expression, enzyme activity, or cellular behavior.

The importance of signal transduction is paramount in many physiological processes, as it allows cells to adapt their functions in response to varying external conditions. Effectively, without signal transduction, cells would lack the ability to communicate and coordinate their actions, which is essential for maintaining homeostasis and responding to changes in their environment.